February is National Pet Dental Health Month, and while we often think of dental care for our dogs and cats, it's just as crucial for our horses. Many horse owners may wonder if their equine companions truly need annual dental check-ups. The answer is a resounding yes. Regular dental exams are essential for the overall health and well-being of your horse, regardless of its age.

Why Does My Horse Need a Dental Exam Every Year?

Horses’ teeth are continuously growing and wearing down due to their natural grazing habits. Over time, however, they can develop dental problems that, if left untreated, can lead to discomfort, difficulty eating, and even more serious health issues. Here’s why regular dental care is so important:

• Young Horses: In younger horses, sharp enamel points develop more quickly. These sharp edges can cause painful abrasions or ulcers on the cheeks and tongue, leading to difficulty chewing and discomfort. Regular dental exams help smooth these points before they become problematic.
• Older Horses: As horses age, they tend to develop different dental issues, such as waves (uneven wear), diastemas (gaps between teeth), and periodontal disease. Though these issues may not result in the sharp points that younger horses experience, they can still cause significant discomfort or difficulty eating. Regular dental visits ensure these issues are addressed before they lead to more severe problems.
• Tooth Fractures: Horses of any age can fracture a tooth, whether from trauma, biting something hard, or even from routine wear. A veterinarian will inspect your horse’s teeth thoroughly to detect any fractures or other issues that might not be visible on the surface.

What to Expect During Your Horse’s Annual Dental Exam

During your horse’s annual dental exam, you can expect a thorough and professional assessment to ensure their dental health is in top shape:

1. Oral Examination: A veterinarian will conduct a comprehensive oral examination, under sedation, to allow them to get a closer look inside the mouth. Using a speculum and dental mirror, they’ll inspect the soft tissue structures such as the cheeks, gums (gingiva), and tongue to identify any signs of disease or irritation.
2. Enamel Point Grinding and Correction: One of the most common procedures during a dental examination is the filing down of sharp enamel points. This procedure helps prevent abrasions and ensures that your horse’s teeth are wearing down evenly. The veterinarian will also address any abnormal wear patterns, such as waves, hooks or ramps, that could interfere with chewing.
3. Addressing Other Issues: If your horse has any gaps between teeth, or if there are signs of infection or inflammation, your veterinarian will treat these issues appropriately to prevent further complications.

Signs Your Horse May Need a Dental Exam

Not all dental problems are obvious, but there are several signs that can indicate your horse may be experiencing dental discomfort:

• Dropping feed or quidding (forming feed into a ball and spitting it out)
• Sudden refusal to eat hay or grain
• Eating with their head tilted to one side
• Excessive salivation
• Losing weight without a clear cause
• Swelling along the cheeks (soft or hard, asymmetric)
• Irritation or discomfort when wearing a bridle
• A one-sided nasal discharge, especially with a foul odor
• Bad breath or persistent mouth odor

If you notice any of these signs, it’s crucial to schedule a dental exam with your veterinarian as soon as possible. Catching dental problems early can prevent long-term pain and complications for your horse.